shuraba.com - Abbreviations Dictionary

Notes

[alt] Altanative name or description.
[Ce] Caenorhabditis elegans.
[Dm] Drosophila melanogaster.
[Ec] Escherichia coli.
[ex] Example.
[Sc] Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 出芽酵母.
[Sp] Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 分裂酵母.
Number → lower case → UPPER CASE.

A

A

Alanine. [alt] Ala.
Adenine.

aa

Amino acid. [alt] a.a..

AAF

IFN-α activated factor.

AAR

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

ABCA1

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1.

ABCD assay

Avidin-biotin complex DNA binding assay.

AB domain

Anticodon binding domain.

Abe

Abequose.

ABI

Ankle brachial pressure index.

ACAT

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase.

ACC

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

ACE

Angiotensin converting enzyme.

ACES

N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid.

ACF

ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor.

ACh

Acetylcholine.

AChR

Acetylcholine receptor.

AcNPV

Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

ACO

Acyl-CoA.

ACP

Acyl carrier protein.

Acrp30

Adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa.

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone. 副腎皮質刺激ホルモン.

AD

Atopic dermatitis. アトピー性皮膚炎.

ADA

Adenosine deaminase.
N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid.

ADCC

Antibody-dependent cellular [cell-mediated] cytotoxicity. 抗体依存性細胞障害.

ADF

Actin-depolymerizing factor. [alt] Cofilin.

ADH

Alcohol dehydrogenase.
Antidiuretic hormone. 抗利尿ホルモン.

ADP

Adenosine 5'-diphosphate. AR-P_α~P_β.

ADPKD

Polycystic kidney disorders.

ADPNP

Adenosine 5'-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate. [alt] AMP-PNP.

AE

Anion exchange.

A/E

Attaching and effacing.

AF-2

Furylfuramide.

AFC

Antibody forming cell.

aFGF

Acidic fibroblast growth factor.

AFLP

Amplified fragment length polymorphism.

AGE

Advanced glycation end-product.

AGM

Aorta-gonad-mesonephros.

AgRP

Agouti-related protein.

AHR

Airway hyper responsiveness. 気道過敏性.

AICD

Activation-induced cell death.

AID

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase.

AIDS

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

AIR

5-aminoimidazole ribotide.

AIRE

Autoimmune regulator.

AITD

Autoimmune thyroid disease.

Ala

Alanine. [alt] A.

ALA

5-Aminolevulinate.

ALAS2

δ-aminolevulinate synthase.

ALL

Acute lymphoblast leukemia. 急性リンパ性白血病, 急性リンパ腫.

ALPS

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.

ALT-711

3-phenacyl-4,5-dimethilthiazolium chloride. [alt] Alagebrium chloride. AGE 架橋切断薬.

AmEpC

Amniotic epithelial cell. 羊膜上皮細胞.

AML

Acute myelogenous leukemia. 急性骨髄性白血病.

Amp

Ampicillin.

Amp^r

[Ec] Ampicillin resistance.

AMP

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate. AR-P_α.

AMPK

AMP-activated protein kinase.

AMP-PNP

Adenosine 5'-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate. [alt] ADPNP.

AMV

Avian myeloblastosis virus.

ANC

Anaphase promoting complex.

ANF

Atrial natriuretic factor. 心房性ナトリウム利尿因子.

Ang

Angiopoietin.
Angiotensin.

ANP

Atrial natriuretic peptide. 心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプチド.

ANT

Adenine nucleotide translocator.

ANT-C

Antennapedia complex.

AOEC

Aortic endothelial cell. 大動脈内皮細胞.

AOSMC

Aortic smooth muscle cell. 大動脈平滑筋細胞.

AP

Activator protein.

A-P

Anterior-posterior.

aP2

Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein.

APC

Adenomatous polyposis coli. 大腸腺腫症.
Allo-phycocyanin. Which is activated by 598 or 633 nm laser.
Anaphase-promoting complex.
Antigen presenting cell. 抗原提示細胞.

APECED

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. 自己免疫性多腺性内分泌疾患 I 型, 不完全カンジダ外胚葉ジストロフィー.

APH

Aminoglycoside phosphotransferase.

APL

Acute promyelocytic leukemia. 急性前骨髄性白血病.
Altered peptide ligand. 変換ペプチド・リガンド.

apM

Adipose most abundant gene transcript.

APRT

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.

APS

Ammonium persulfate.
Antiphospholipid syndrome. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群.

AP site

Apyrimidinic site.
Apurinic site.

ARB

Angiotensin receptor blocker.

ARE

AU-rich nucleotide sequence element.

Arg

Arginine. [alt] R.

ARP

Actin related protein.

ARS

Autonomously replicating sequence.

ASCVD

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Which is responsible for 80% of diabetic mortality and more than 75% of all hospitalizations for diabetic complications.

ASF

Altanative splicing factor.

ASK

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase.

Asn

Asparagine. [alt] N.

ASO

Arteriosclerosis obliterans. 閉塞性動脈硬化症.

Asp

Aspartic acid. [alt] Aspartate, D.

ASP-PCR

Allele specific primer-PCR.

AT₁

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor.

ATCase

Aspartate carbamoyltransferase.

ATL

Adult T cell leukemia. 成人 T 細胞白血病.

ATM

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated.

ATP

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate. AR-P_α~P_β~P_γ.

ATPase

Adenosine triphosphatase.

AVP

Arginine⁸-vasopressine.

AZT

3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.

B

BAC

Bacterial artificial chromosome.

BAFF

B cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family.

BAL

British anti-lewisite.

BAP

Bacterial alkaline phosphatase.

BAT

Brown adipose tissue. Mitochondria-rich.

BBB

Blood brain barrier. 血液脳関門.

BBS

BES-buffered saline.

BChl

Bacteriochlorophyll. [ex] BChl a, BChl b.

BCIP

5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate.

BCR

B cell (antigen) receptor.
Breakpoint cluster region.

BDNF

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 脳由来神経栄養因子.

BEpC

Bronchial epithelial cell. 気管支上皮細胞.

BES

N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid.

BETA2

β-cell E-box transactivator 2.

BFC

Burst-forming cell. [ex] BFC-E.

BFC-E

Erythrocyto burst-forming cell. 赤血球バースト形成細胞, 赤芽球コロニー形成細胞.

bFGF

Basic fibroblast growth factor.

BFP

[Ec] Bundle forming pilus. 束状線毛.

BHA

Bromerain-treated HA.

Bhc-diazo

6-bromo-4-diazomethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin.

bHLH

Basic helix-loop-helix.

BiP

Binding protein.

Bli

[Ce] Blister.

Blimp

B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein.

BLNK

B cell linker.

BLOTTO

Bovine lacto transfer technique optimizer.

BMDC

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cell. 骨髄由来樹状細胞.

BME

Basal medium Eagle.
β-mercaptoethanol. [alt] 2-ME.

BMI

Body mass index.

BMP

Bone morphogenetic protein. 骨形成因子.

BMSC

Bone marrow-derived stem cell. 骨髄幹細胞.

BMVEC

Brain microvascular endothelial cell. 脳微小血管内皮細胞.

BNP

Brain natrium peptide.
B-type natriuretic peptide.

Boc

tert-butoxycarbonyl.

boss

[Dm] bride-of sevenless.

bp

Base pairs.

BPB

Bromophenol blue.

BPG

Bisphosphoglycerate. [ex] 1,3-BPG, 2,3-BPG.

BPheo

Bacteriopheophytin.

BPTI

Bovine pancreas trypsin inhibitor.

BrdU

5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine.

BrdU-LTR

BrdU long-term retaining.

BRET

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. 生体発光共鳴エネルギー転移.

BRI

Biochemical racial index.

BS

Bovine serum.

BS3

Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate.

BSA

Bovine serum albumin.

BSE

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

Bt

Bacillus thuringiensis. 土壌微生物.

BTB

Bric-a-brac, tramtrack and broad complex.

Btk

Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

bZip

Basic leucine zipper.

C

C

Cysteine. [alt] Cys.
Cytosine.

C

Cyclic symmetry. 回転対称.

CA1P

2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate.

CABP

2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate.

CAD

Caspase-activated DNase.

CADMEC

Cell applications' dermal microvascular endothelial cell. 皮膚微小血管内皮細胞.

CAEC

Coronary artery endothelial cell. 冠動脈内皮細胞.

CAF

Chromatin assembly factor.

CAK

CDK-activating kinase.

Cal

Large calorie. 1 Cal = 1 kcal = 4184 J.

CaM

Calmodulin. Ca²⁺-binding protein.

CAM

Cell-adhesion molecule. [ex] ICAM, N-CAM.
Chorioallantoic membrane.
Crassulacean acid metabolism.

CaMK

Calmodulin kinase.

CaMK IV

Ca²⁺/CaM-dependent protein kinase IV.

CaMKK

CaMK kinase.

cAMP

Cyclic AMP.

CAP

Catabolite activator protein.
Cbl-associated protein.
Chromosome-associated polypeptide.

cAPK

cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

CAPN10

Calpain 10.

CARD

Caspase recruitment domain.

CARM1

Coactivator-associated arginin metyltransferase 1.

CARP

Cardiac-restricted ankyrine repeat protein.

CART

Cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript.

CASMC

Coronary artery smooth muscle cell. 冠動脈平滑筋細胞.

CAT

Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase.

CBB

Coomassie brilliant blue.

CBP

CREB-binding protein.

C-C

Coiled-coil.

CCHL

Cytochrome c heme-lyase.

CCK

Cholecystokinin.

CCP

Cyclic citrullinated peptide.
Cytochrome c peroxidase.

CCD

Central core disease.

CCFM

Cell culture freezing medium.

CCK

Cholecystokinin.

CD

Circular dichroism.

cDC

Conventional dendritic cell.

CDC

Cell division cycle. [Sc][ex] cdc2; Ser/Thr protein kinase, cdc13; homolog of human cyclin B, cdc17; DNA ligase, cdc25; Tyr protein phosphatase. [Sp][ex] CDC2; protein kinase subunit of MPF, CDC9; DNA ligase, CDC28; Ser/Thr protein kinase.
Complement-dependent (cellular) cytotoxicity. 補体依存性細胞障害.

Cdk

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase.

cDNA

Complementary DNA.

CDP

Cytidine diphosphate.

CDP-DG

CDP diacylglycerol.

CDR

Complementarity-determining region. [alt] Hypervariable segment.

CDTX

Cholestrol-dependent pore-forming toxin. コレステロール依存性膜障害タンパク質.

C/EBP

CATTA enhancer binding protein.

Ceh

[Ce] Caenorhabditis elegans homeobox.

CETP

Cholesterol ester transfer protein.

CEV

Citrus exocortis viroid.

CF

Cardiac fibroblast. 心繊維芽細胞.

CFC

Chlorofluorocarbon.
Colony-forming cell. [ex] CFC-E. [alt] CFU.

CFC-E

Erythrocyto colony-forming cell. 赤血球コロニー形成細胞, 赤芽球コロニー形成細胞.

CFP

Cyan fluorescent protein.

CFSE

Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester.

CFU

Colony-forming unit. [alt] CFC.

CG

Chorionic gonadotropin. 絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン.

cGFP

Coral GFP.

cGMP

Guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.

C_H

Constant region of Ig heavy chain.

CHAPS

3-[(3-choramidopropyl)dimethylamino]propane-1-sulfonate.

CHD

Coronary heart disease.

CHEF

Contour-clamped homogeneous field electrophoresis.

CHF

Congestive heart failure.

ChIP

Chromosomal immunoprecipitation.

Chl

Chlorophyll. [ex] Chl a, Chl b.

ChM

Chondromodulin.

Ci

Curie. 放射能単位.

CIA

Collagen induced arthritis. コラーゲン誘導性関節炎.

CIAP

Calf intestine alkaline phosphatase.

CICR

Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺-release.

CIP

Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase.

CKI

CDK inhibitor.

cKOm

Conditional KO mouse.

C_L

Constant region of Ig light chain.

CLIP

corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide. 副腎皮質刺激ホルモン様中葉ペプチド.

CLP

Common lymphoid progenitor. リンパ系共通前駆細胞.

CM

Carboxymethyl. Weak-positive ion-exchanger. -OCH₂COO^-.

cmc

Critical micelle concentration.

CMCT

1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate.

CMIS

Common mucosal immune system. 循環帰巣経路.

CML

Chronic myelocytic leukemia. 慢性骨髄性白血病.
N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine.

CMP

Cytidine monophosphate.
Common myeloid progenitor. 骨髄系共通前駆細胞.

CMV

Cytomegalovirus.

Cn

Calcineurin. Whichi is Ca²⁺-dependent Ser/Thr phosphatase composed by CnA subunit as phosphatase, and CnB subunit as Ca²⁺-binding protein.

CN^-

Cyanide ion.

CnA

Calcineurin A subunit.

CnB

Calcineurin B subunit.

CNP

C-type natriuretic peptide. C 型ナトリウム利尿ペプチド.

CNS

Central nervous system.

CNTF

Ciliary neurotrophic factor.

CO

Carbon monoxide.

CoA

Coenzyme A.

COMP

Cartilage olgomeric matrix protein.

Con

[Ce] Constipation.

ConA

Concanavarin A.

COP

Coat protein. [ex] α-COP, β-COP, γ-COP, δ-COP.

COSY

Corelation spectroscopy.

COUP-TF

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor.

COX

Cyclooxygenase.

Cpe

Carboxypeptidase E. Which leads to defective processing for several neuropeptides and prohormones.

cPPT

Central polypurine tract.

CPR

C peptide immunoreactivity.

CPSF

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor.

CPT

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase.

CR

Cortical ridge.

CRE

cAMP responsive element.

CREB

cAMP responsive element binding protein. [alt] CREBP.

CREBP

cAMP responsive element binding protein. [alt] CREB.

CRF

Corticotropin-releasing factor. 副腎皮質刺激ホルモン放出因子.

CRH

Corticotropin-releasing hormone.

CRIB

Cdc42/Rac interactive binding.

cRNA

Complementary RNA.

CRP

cAMP-receptor protein.
C-reactive protein.

CS

Cockayne syndrome.

CSF

Colony-stimulating factor. [ex] G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF.

CSII

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. 持続皮下インスリン注入療法.

Csp

Cold shock protein.

CSQ

Calsequestrin.

CSR

Class switch recombination.

Csx

Cardiac specific homeobox.

CT

Cholera toxin. コレラ菌産生毒.

CTAB

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

CTD

C-terminal domain.

CTL

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte. 細胞傷害性 T 細胞.

CTLA

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (-associatd) antigen.

CTP

Cytidine triphosphate.

CTS

Central termination sequence.

CTTP

Cytoplasmic transductional and transcriptional processing.

cut

[Sp] Cell untimely torn.

CVD

Cardiovascular disease.

Cys

Cyclosporin. [ex] Cys A which inhibits the ability of calcineurin to activate NFAT transcription factors.
Cysteine. [alt] C.

Cys-AMS

5'-O-[N-(L-cysteinyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine.

CysRS

Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase.

D

D

Aspartic acid. [alt] Aspartate, Asp.
Dalton.

D

Dihedral symmetry. 二面対称.
Dielectric constant. 比誘電率.

dA

2'-deoxyadenosine.

DAG

Diacylglycerol.

DAI

Double strand RNA-activated inhibitor.

DAP

DNAX-activating protein.

DAPI

4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Which staines nucleus in dead cell, and is activated by UV (350 - 360 nm) laser.

dATP

2'-deoxyadenosine 5'triphosphate.

DBC

Deleted in breast cancer.

DBM

Diazobenzyloxymethyl.

DC

Dendritic cell.

DCC

Deleted in colon carcinoma.

DCCD

Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.

DCMU

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea.

DCS

Differential chromatin scanning.

dCTP

Deoxycytidine triphosphate.

DCTT

Diabetes control and complications trial.

DD

Death domain.

ddATP

Dideoxyadenosine triphosphate.

ddC

2',3'-dideoxycytidine.

ddCTP

Dideoxycytidine triphosphate.

DDD

Digital differential display.

ddGTP

Dideoxyguanosine triphosphate.

ddI

2',3'-dideoxyinosine.

ddNTP

Dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate.

DDS

Diaminodiphenylsulfone.

ddTTP

Dideoxythymidine triphosphate.

DEAE

Diethylaminoethyl. Weak-negative ion-exchanger. -OCH₂CH₂N⁺H(CH₂CH₃)₂.

DED

Death effector domain.

DEDD

DED-containing DNA-binding protein.

Del

Developmental endothelial locus.

DEPC

Diethylpyrocarbonate.

Dex

Dexamethasone.

DEXA

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. 二重エネルギー X線吸収率解像法.

DF

Dermal fibroblast. 皮膚繊維芽細胞.

DG

Diacylglycerol.

DGAT

Diacylglycerol transferase.

DGC

Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.

dGTP

Deoxyguanosine triphosphate.

dGuo

Deoxyguanosine.

DHAP

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

DHF

Dihydrofolate.

DHFR

Dihydrofolate reductase.

DHP

Dehydropyridine.

DHPR

Dehydropyridine receptor.

DIAP1

Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis 1.

DIG

Digoxygenin.

DIPF

Diisopropylphosphofluoridate.

DIPP

Diabetes prediction and prevention trial.

dis

[Sp] Defect in sister chromatid disjunction.

DIS

Dimerization inhibition site.

DISC

Death-inducing signaling complex.

DISC electrophoresis

Discontinuous pH electrophoresis.

dITP

Deoxyinosine triphosphate.

DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis. 糖尿病ケトアシドーシス.

Dll

Delta-like.

DLS

Dimer linkage site.

DM

Mytonic dystrophy. 筋緊張性ジストロフィー.

DMB

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole.

DM chromosome

Double minute chromosome.

DMBA

Dimethylbenzanthracene.

DMEM

Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium.

DMF

N,N-dimethylformamide.

DMN

Dorsomedial nucleus.

DMS

Dimethylsulfate.

DMSO

Dimethylsulfoxydo.

DMTr

Dimethoxytrityl.

DN

Diabetic nephropahty. 糖尿病性腎症.
Double negative.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

DNA-PK

DNA-dependent kinase.

DNA-PKcs

Catalytic subunit of DNA-PK.

DNase

Deoxyribonuclease. [ex] DNase I.

DNP

2,4-dinitrophenol.
Dinitrophenyl.

dNTP

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate.

DOGS

Dioctadecylamidoglycyl spermine.

DON

6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine.

DOPE

L-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine.

DOTAP

1,2-dioleoyl-3-(trimetylammoium) propane.

DP

Double positive.

dpc

Days postcoitum. 交尾後何日目.

DPG

Diphosphoglycerate.

DP-IV

Dipeptidylpeptidase-IV. [alt] CD26.

dpp

[Dm] decapentaplegic. Which encodes the secretory protein that is the member of TGF-β superfamily.

DPT

Diazophenylthio.

Dpy

[Ce] Dumpy.

DRB

5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole.

DRG

Dorsal root ganglion.

Drk

[Dm] Downstream of receptor kinase.

DRM

Detergent-resistant membrane.

DSB

Double-strand breakdown.

dsDNA

Double strand DNA.

DSIF

DRB sensitivity-inducing factor.

dsRNA

Double strand RNA.

dsRNAi

Double strand RNA interference.

DTAB

Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

DTH

Delayed hypersensitivity.

dTMP

Deoxtythimidine monophosphate. [alt] Thimidylate.

DTNB

5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate).

DTT

Dithiothreitol.

dTTP

Deoxythimidine triphosphate.

Dvl

Dishevelled.

DYRK1A

Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and -regulated kinase 1A.

E

E

Enzyme.
Glutamic acid. [alt] Glutamate, Glu.

E4P

Erythrose 4-phosphate.

EAE

Experimental autoimmune encephalo myelitis. 実験的自己免疫性脳脊髄炎.

EB

Embryoid body. 胚様体.

EBC

Embryoid body-derived stem cell.

EBF

Early B cell factor.

EBS

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus.

EC cell

Embryonic carcinoma cell.

EC coupling

Excitation-contraction coupling.

ECE

Endothelin-converting enzyme.

ECFP

Enhanced CFP.

ECL

Enhanced chemiluminescence.

ECL cell

Enterochromaffin-like cell.

ECM

Extracellular matrix.

ecore

Evolutionally conserved region.

ECTEOLA cellulose

Epichlorohydrin and triethanolamine treated cellulose.

EDAC

1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide.

EDHF

Endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor.

EDTA

Ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

EF

Embryonic fibroblast.
Elongation factor.

EG cell

Embryonic germ cell.

EGF

Epidermal growth factor. 上皮増殖因子.

EGFP

Enhanced GFP.

EGFR

EGF receptor.

Egl

[Ce] Egg-laying defect.

Egr

Early growth response gene.

EHEC

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. 腸管出血性大腸菌.

EHK

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.

EIEC

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. 腸管組織侵入性大腸菌.

eIF

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor.

EK

Epidermal keratinocyte. 表皮角化細胞.

EKLF

Erythroid Kruppel-like factor.

ELA

E1A like activity.

ELAM

Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule.

ELC

Essential light chain.

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

ELISPOT

Enzyme-linked immunospot.

Elk

ETS-like gene.

EM

Epidermal melanocyte. 表皮メラニン細胞.

EMA

Ethidium monoazide bromide. Which stains dead cells.

EMAP

Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide.

EMCV

Encephalomyocarditis virus. 脳心筋炎ウイルス.

emf

Electromotive force. 起電力.

EMS

Ethyl methane sulfonate.

EMSA

Electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

EnEpC

Endometrial epithelial cell. 子宮内膜上皮細胞.

eNOS

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

ENU

N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.

EPA

Eicosapentaenoic acid.

EPAS

Endothelial PAS-domain protein.

EPC

Endothelial progenitor cell. 血管内皮前駆細胞.

EPEC

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. 腸管病原性大腸菌.

EPO

Erythropoietin.

EPR

Electron paramagnetic resonance. [alt] ESR.

ER

Endoplasmic reticulum.
Estrogen receptor.

ERAD

Endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation.

ERK

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

eRNA

Efferent RNA. 遠心性 RNA.

ERR

Estrogen related receptor.

ERSE

Endoplasmic reticulum stress response element.

ES cell

Embryonic stem cell.

ES complex

Enzyme-substrate complex.

ESI

Electrospray ionization.

Esp

[Ec] EPEC-secreted protein.

ESR

Electron spin resonance. [alt] EPR.

esRAGE

Endogenous secretory RAGE.

ESRF

ES cell renewal factor.

EST

Expression sequence tag.

ET

Endothelin. Which is a growth-promoting peptide in myocardial cell, and also a survival factor in smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and cardiac myocytes.

ETF

Electron transfer flavoprotein.

ETP

Early T cell progenitors.

ETS

E-twenty six.

eve

[Dm] even-skipped.

EYFP

Enhanced YFP.

F

F

Phenylalanine. [alt] Phe.

F2,6P

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.

F2,6Pase

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. [alt] FBPase-2.

f⁵C

5-fluorocytosine.

F6P

Fructose 6-phosphate.

Fab

Fragment antigen-binding.

FAB

Fast atom bombardment.

FABP

Fatty acid-binding protein.

FACS

Fluoorescence-activated cell sorting.

F actin

Fibrous actin.

FAD

Flavin adenine dinucleotide.

FADD

Fas associated protein with death domain.

FAG

Fluorescein fundus angiography. 蛍光眼底血管造影.

FAH

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase.

FAK

Focal adhesion kinase.

FAS

Fatty acid synthase.

FasL

Fas ligand.

FBP

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
FUSE-binding protein.

FBPase

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.

FBPase-2

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. [alt] F-2,6-Pase.

FBS

Fetal bovine serum.

FCCP

Carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone.

FCM

Flow cytometry.

FcR

Fc receptor.

FCRL

Fc receptor-like.

FCS

Fetal calf serum.

FcεR

Fcε receptor.

Fd

Ferredoxin.

FDC

Follicular dendritic cell. 濾胞樹状細胞.

FDNB

1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

FDP

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate.

FdUMP

5-fluorodeoxyuridylate.

FEEL

Laminin-type EGF-like and link domain-containing scavenger receptor.

FFA

Free fatty acid. 血中濃度は〜数%. 大部分の fatty acid は albumin と結合している.

FFI

Fatal familial insomnia.

FGF

Fibroblast growth factor. 繊維芽細胞増殖因子.

FH

Familial hypercholesterolemia.

FHBE

Forkhead binding element.

FIGE

Field-inversion gel electrophoresis.

Fis

Factor for inversion stimulation.

FITC

Fluorescein isothiocyanate. Which is activated by 488 nm laser.

FIZZ

Found in inflammatory zone.

FKBP

FK506 binding protein

FKH

Forkhead.

FL

Fibrinogen-like.

FLAP

Five lipoxygenase activating protein.

FLICA

Fluorochrome inhibitor of caspase.

Flk

Fetal liver kinase. 血管内皮増殖因子受容体.

Flt-3L

fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand.

FMDV

Foot-and-mouth disease virus.

fMet

N-formylmethionine.

FMN

Flavin mononucleotide.

FNR

Ferredoxin-NADP⁺ reductase.

FOG

Friend of GATA factors.

Fox

[Dm] Forkhead box.

FRAP

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.

FRC

Fibroblastic reticular cell. 細網繊維芽細胞.

FRET

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

Fru-2,6-P2

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.

fs

Femto second. 10^-15 second.

FSC

Forward scatter. 前方散乱光.

FSF

Fibrin-stabilizing factor. Which is blood coagulation factor XIII.

FSH

Follicle-stimulating hormone. 濾胞刺激ホルモン.

ftz

[Dm] fushi tarazu.

FUSE

Far upstream element.

G

G

Gap phase. [ex] G₀, G₁, G₂.
Glycine. [alt] Gly.
Guanine.

G

Free energy.

G1P

Glucose 1-phosphate.

G1,6P

Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.

G6P

Glucose 6-phosphate.

G6Pase

Glucose-6-phosphatase.

G6PD

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

GA

Glycolaldehyde.

GABA

4-aminobutyrate. [alt] γ-aminobutyrate.

G actin

Globular actin.

GAD

Glutamic acid decarboxylase.

GAG

Glycosaminoglycan.

GALT

Gut-associated lymphoid [lymphoreticular] tissue. 腸管関連リンパ組織.

GAP

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
GTPase-activating protein.

GAPDH

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

GAR

Glycineamide ribotide.

GAS

Group A Streptococcus. A群連鎖球菌.
IFN-γ-activated site.

GATA

GATA transcription factor. Which binds to GATA sequence (5'-(A/T)GATA(A/G)-3'). [ex] GATA-1 ([alt] NF-E1), GATA-2, GATA-3, GATA-4, GATA-5, GATA-6.

GBD

GTPase binding domain.

GC

Gas chromatography.

G-CSF

Granulocyto colony-stimulating factor.

GDNF

Glial-derived neurotrophic factor. グリア由来神経栄養因子.

GDP

Guanosine diphosphate.

GDPNP

Guanylylimido diphosphate.

GEF

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor.
GDP/GTP exchanging factor.

GFAT

Glutamine:fluctose-6-phosphate amidotransferase.

GFP

Green fluorescent protein.

GH

Growth hormone.

GH-DAF

Growth hormone-decay accelerating factor.

GHF

Growth-hormone-releasing factor.

GHR

Growth hormone receptor.

GHS-R

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor.

G_i

Inhibitory G-coupled protein.

GIP

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide.

GIR

Glucose infusion rate. The value of insulin resistance. 定量の insulin を定時的に投与したとき, blood sugar を一定に保つために必要な glucose の量.

GITR

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein.

Gla

4-carboxyglutamate. NH₂-CH(CH₂-CHCOO^--COO^-)-COOH. [alt] γ-carboxyglutamate.

GLC

Gas-liquid chromatography.

GlcNAc

N-acetylglucosamine.

Gln

Glutamine. [alt] Q.

GLP

Glucagon like peptide.

GLT

Germline transcript.

GlunRS

Gln-tRNA synthetase.

GLP

Glucagon-like peptide.

Glu

Glutamic acid. [alt] Glutamate, E.

GLUT

Glucose transporter. Glut2 has a relatively low affinity for glucose, and transport it into β cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Glut4 in adipocyto and muscle cells are increased by insulin, and translocated from intracellular sites to the plasma membrane.

Gly

Glycine. [alt] G.

GM

Granulocyte/macrophage. 顆粒球マクロファージ.

GM-CSF

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. 顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子.

G-MEM

Grasgow minimum essential medium.

GMP

Granulocyte/monocyte progenitor. 顆粒球・単球系前駆細胞.
Guanosine monophosphate. [alt] Guanylate.

GnRF

Gonadotropin-releasing factor. 性腺刺激ホルモン放出因子.

GNRF

Guanine nucleotide release protein.

GNRP

Guanine nucleotide releasing protein.

GO

Gene ontology.

G_olf

Olfactory G protein.

GOT

Aspartate aminotransferase.

gp

Gene product.

GPCR

G-protein-coupled receptor.

GPI

Glycoprotein I.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol.

GPIV

Glycoprotein IV.

GPT

Alanine aminotransferase.

GR

Glucocorticoid receptor.

GRE

Glucocorticoid response element.

GRF

Growth hormone-releasing factor.
Guanine nucleotide releasing factor.

GRIF

Growth hormone release-inhibiting factor.

gRNA

Guide RNA.

GS

Glycogen synthase.

G_s

Stimulatory G protein.

GSEA

Gene set enrichment approach.

GSH

γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine. [alt] Glutathione.

GSK

Glycogen synthase kinase.

GSSG

Glutathione disulfide.

GST

Glutathione-S-transferase.

GTF

General transcription factor.

GTP

Guanosine triphosphate.

GTT

Glucose tolerance test. [ex] OGTT.

Gu⁺

Guanidinium ion. NH₂-C(NH₂⁺)-NH₂.

GVHD

Graft-versus-host disease. 移植片対宿主病.

GVL

Graft-versus-leukemia. 移植片対白血病.

H

H: Histidine. [alt] His.
HA: Hemagglutinin. 赤血球凝集素.
HAMA: Human anti-mouse antibody.
HAND: Heart autonomic nervous system, neural crest derivative. [ex] dHAND which is specifically expressed at right ventricle. eHAND which is specifically expressed at left ventricle.
HAP: Histone acetylation profile.
HAT: Histone acetyltransferase.
HAT medium: Hypoxanthine-amethopterin-thymine medium. Which is used for selection of hybridoma.
Hb: Hemoglobin. [ex] HbA, HbF, HbM, HbS.
HbA: Adult hemoglobin.
HB-EGF: Heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor.
HbF: Fetal hemoglobin. 胎児ヘモグロビン.
HbM: Methemoglobin. [alt] metHb.
HbS: Sickle-cell hemoglobin. 鎌状赤血球ヘモグロビン.
HCI: Heme-controlled inhibitor.
HCP: Holocentric chromosome-binding protein.
HCV: Hepatitis C virus. C型肝炎ウイルス.
HDAC: Histone deacetylase.
HDL: High-density lipoprotein.
HECT: Homologous to E6-AP COOH terminus.
HEK: Human embryonic kidney.
HEL: hen egg lysozyme.
HEPES: N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid.
HEPPS: N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-3-propanesulfonic acid.
HER: Human epidermal growth factor receptor.
HES: The hairy/enhancer-of-split.
HEV: High endothelial venule. 高内皮性細静脈.
HEW: Hen egg white.
hGF: Human growth factor. 191 a.a.
HGF: Hepatocyto growth factor.
HGPRT: Hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase.
HHV: Human herpesvirus.
HIC: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor.
His: Histidine. [alt] H.
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.
HK: Hexokinase.
HL-1: Which is the immortalized adult mouse atrial myocyte cell line.
HLA: Human leukocyte antigen. ヒト白血球抗原.
HLH: Helix-loop-helix. [ex] bHLH
HMK: High-molecular-weight kininogen. Which is blood coagulation factor.
HMM: Heavy meromyosin.
HMTase: Histone methyltransferase.
HNPCC: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. 非ポリポーシス性遺伝性大腸ガン.
hnRNA: Heterogeneous nuclear RNA.
hnRNP: Heteronuclear ribonucleoprotein.
HO: Heme oxygenase.
HPFH: Hereditary persistance of fetal hemoglobin. 遺伝性高胎児ヘモグロビン血症.
HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography. [alt] High pressure liquid chromatography.
HPt domain.: Histidine-containing phosphotransfer domain.
HPV: Human papilloma virus.
HRP: Horseradis peroxidase.
HRT: Hairy-related transcription factor.
HS: Horse serum.
HSC: Hematopoietic stem cells. 造血幹細胞.
HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 造血幹細胞移植.
HSD: Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Type 1 (HSD1) changes cortisone (inactive) to cortisol (active) at adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. [ex] 11β-HSD-1. Type 2 (HSD2) oppositely changes cortisol to cortisone at kidney, colon, sweat gland.
Hsp: Heat shock protein. [ex] Hsp70 (molecular chaperone), mHsp.
HSV: Herpes simplex virus. 単純ヘルペスウイルス.
HTH: Helix-turn-helix.
HTLV: Human T cell leukemia [lymphoma] virus. ヒト T 細胞白血病ウイルス.
HVJ: Hemagglutinating virus of Japan. センダイウイルス.
Hyg: Hygromycin.
Hyl: 5-hydroxyproline.
Hyp: 4-hydroxyproline.

I

I

Inosine.
Iodine.
Isoleucine. [alt] Ile.

I

Icosahedral symmetry. 正二十面体対称.
Ionic strength.

IAA

Insulin autoantibody.

IAD

IRF-association domain.

IBMX

3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine.

ICA

Islet cell antibody.

ICAM

Intercellular adhesion molecule.

ICE

Interleukin-1B converting enzyme.

ICM

Inner cell mass. 内部細胞塊, 胚盤胞.

ICOS

Inducible T-cell constimulator.

ICSA

Islet cell surface antibody.

ICSBP

Interferon consensus sequence-binding protein.

Id

Inhibitor differentiation.

IDL

Intermediate-density lipoprotein.

IES

Internal eliminated sequence.

IF

Initiation factor.

I-FABP

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein.

IFG

Impaired fasting glucose. 空腹時血糖異常.

IFN

Interferon.

Ig

Immunoglobulin. [ex] IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.

IgA

Immunoglobulin A. Which has α heavy chain.

IgD

Immunoglobulin D. Which has δ heavy chain.

IgE

Immunoglobulin E. Which has ε heavy chain.

IGF

Insulin-like growth factor. [ex] IGF1.

IgG

Immunoglobulin G. Which has γ heavy chain. [ex] IgG1 ~ 4 with γ₁ ~ γ₄ heavy chain.

IgHc

Immunoglobulin heavy chain.

IgM

Immunoglobulin M. Which has μ heavy chain.

IGF

Insulin-like growth factor.

IgLc

Immunoglobulin light chain.

IGT

Impaired gulucose tolerance. 耐糖能異常.

IHF

Integration host factor.

IHP

Inositol hexakisphosphate.

IKK

IκB kinase.

IKKi

Inducible IKK.

IL

Interleukin.

Ile

Isoleucine. [alt] I.

ILF

Isolated lymphoid follicle. 孤立リンパ小節, 孤立性リンパ濾胞.

ILK

Integrin-linked kinase.

IMDM

Isocove's modified Dulbecco's medium.

IMP

Inosine monophosphate.

IMT

Intimal plus medial thickness. 内膜中膜複合体肥厚度.

iNOS

Inducible NO synthetase.

Inr

Initiator.

InsP₃

Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. [alt] IP₃.

IP

Immunoprecipitation.
Interferon-inducible protein.

IP₂

Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate.

IP₃

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. [alt] InsP₃.

Ipa

[Ec] Invasion plasimid antigen.

IPC

IFN-producing cell.

IPEX

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome.

IPS

Interferon-β promoter stimulator.

IPTG

Isopropyl β-thiogalactoside. [alt] Isopropylthio-β-d-galactosidase.

IPF1

Insulin promoter factor 1.

Ipg

[Ec] Invasion plasmid gene.

Ir

Immuno response gene.

IR

Inverted repeat.

IRAK

IL-1 receptor-associated kinase.

IRES

Internal ribosome entry site.

IRF

Interferon regulatory factor.

IRF-E

IRF-responsive element.

IRR

Insulin receptor-related receptor.

IRS

Insulin receptor substrate family.

Irx

Iroquois-related homeobox.

Immune suppressor factor.

ISG

Interferon-stimulated gene.

ISGF

Interferon-stimulated gene factor.

ISO

Isoproterenol.

ISP

Iron-sulfur protein.

ISRE

Interferon stimulated response element.

IT

Ion trap.

ITAEC

Internal thoracic artery endothelial cell. 内胸動脈内皮細胞.

ITAM

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif.

ITIM

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif.

ITP

Inosine triphosphate.

IκB

Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB.

J

JAK: Janus kinase.
JC-1: 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,37-tetra-ethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodine.
JF1: Japanese Fancy 1.
JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

K

K: Lysine. [alt] Lys.
K_a: Association constant.
Kan: Kanamycine.
Kan^r: [Ec] Kanamycine resistance.
kb: Kilo base pair. [alt] kbp.
kbp: Kilo base pair. [alt] kb.
KCASP: Keratinocyte-specific caspase.
k_cat: Turnover number.
K_d: Dissociation constant.
KDO: 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate.
K_eq: Equilibrium constant.
KGB: Potassium glutamate buffer.
KGF: Keratinocyte growth factor.
KIR: Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor. [alt] IgLR.
KLH: Keyhole limpet hemacyanin.
Kra: [Ce] Ketamine response abnormal.
KSHV: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. カポジ肉腫ヘルペスウイルス.

L

L

Leucine. [alt] Leu.

LA

Leukocyte antigen. 白血球抗原.

LAB

Linker for activation of B cell.

L.A.B. sol.

Liberate antibody binding solution. 抗原賦活溶液.

LCAD

long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

LADH

Liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

LAMP

Limbic system-associated membrane protein.

LA-PCR

Long and accurate-PCR.

LatB

Latrunculin B. Which inhibits actin polymerization.

LB broth

Luria-Bertani broth.

LBS

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein.

LC

Liquid chromatography.

LCAT

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.

LCMV

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

LCR

Locus control region.

LDH

Lactate dehydrogenase.

LDL

Low-density lipoprotein.

LEE

Locus of enterocyto effacement.

LETO

Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka. Control rat against OLETF.

Leu

Leucine. [alt] L.

LF

Lung fibroblast. 肺繊維芽細胞.

LFA

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen.

LG

Linkage group.

LH

Luteinizing hormone. 黄体形成ホルモン.

LHA

Lateral hypothalamic area.

LHC

Light-harvesting complex.

LIF

Leukemia inhibitory factor. 白血病阻害因子. Which is the member of interleukin-6 family, and inhibits the differentiation of ES cells. LIF binds to Liftβ/gp130 receptor, and increases Stat3 activity. Activated Stat3 keep the undifferentiated state of ES cells.

Lifr

LIF receptor.

LILR

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-k\like receptor.

Lin

[Ce] Lineage abnormal.

LINE

Long interspersed nuclear element.

LLO

Listeriolysin O.

LMM

Light meromyosin.

LMP

Latent membrane protein.

L-NAME

N^ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester.

LOH

Loss of heterozygosity.

Lon

[Ce] Long.

LOX

Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor.

LPB

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein.

LPL

Lipoprotein lipase.

LPS

Lipopolysaccharide.

LRC

Label-retaining cell.

LRE

Light-regulated element.

LRH1

Liver receptor homologue 1.

LRHRE

LRH response element.

LRP

LDL-related protein.

LRR

Leucine-rich receptor.
Leucine-rich repeat.

Lrs

Loss of ribosomal DNA silencing.

LSC

Laser scanning cytometry.

LT

Lymphotoxin.

LTC-IC

Long-term culture-initiating cell.

LT-HSC

Long-term HSC.

LTP

Long-term potentiation.

LTR

Long terminal repeat.

LTβR

Lymphotoxin β receptor.

LV

Left ventricle. 左心室.

LVDD

Left-ventricular end diastolic.

LVH

Left ventricular hypertrophy.

LVESD

Left-ventricular end systolic.

Lys

Lysine. [alt] K.

M

M

Methionine. [alt] Met.
Mitotic phase.

M6P

Mannose 6-phosphate.

Mab

[Ce] Male abnormal.

MACS

Magnetic-activated cell sorter.

MAdCAM

Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule.

MAFbx

Muscle atrophy F box. Which is ubiquitin ligase.

MAG

Myelin-associated glycoprotein.

MAGUK

Membrane-associated guanylate kinase.

MALDI

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.

MALT

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

MAP

Microtubule-associated protein.
Mitogen-activated protein.

MAPC

Multipotent adult progenitor cell. 成体骨髄多能性幹細胞.

MAPK

Mitogen-activated protein kinase.

MARE

Maf recognition element.

mats

mob as tumor supressor.

Mb

Mega base pair. [alt] Mbp.
Myoglobin. [ex] metMb.

MBD

Methyl-binding domain.

Mbp

Mega base pair. [alt] Mb.

MBP

Myelin basic protein.

MBS

m-maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester.

MC

Melanocortin.

MCAD

Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

M cell

Microfold cell.

MCH

Melanin-concentrating hormone.

MCM

Mini-chromosome maintenance.

MCMV

Murine cytomegalovirus.

MCP

Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein.

MCP-1

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. 単球走化性タンパク質.

M-CSF

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

MDA

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene.

mDC

Myeloid dendritic cell. 骨髄系樹状細胞.

MDC

Macrophage-derived chemokine.

MDCK

Madin-Darby canine kidney.

MDR

Multidrug resistance.

MEF

Mouse embryonic fibroblast.
Myocyto-enhancing factor.

MEK

MAPK or ERK kinase.

MEL

Murine erythroleukemia.

MELAS

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes.

MEM

Minimal essential medium.
Modified Eagle medium.

MEN

Mitotic exit network.

MEN2A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. 多発性内分泌腺腫瘍症 2A型.

MES

2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid.

Met

Methionine. [alt] M.

metHb

Methemoglobin. [alt] HbM.

metMb

Metmyoglobin.

MFG-E8

Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8.

MFH

Mesenchyme folkhead.

MH

Malignant hyperthermia.

MHC

Mejaor histocompatibility complex.
Myosin heavy chain.

MH domain

Mad homology domain. [ex] MH2.

mHsp

Mitochondrial heat shock protein.

MIA

Melanoma inhibitory activity.

MIC

Major histocompatibility complex class I related chain.

MIDD

Maternally inherited mitochondrial diabetes and deafness.

Mig

[Ce] Abnormal cell migration.

MIP

Macrophage inflammatory protein. マクロファージ炎症性タンパク質.

miRNA

Micro RNA.

mis

[Sp] Minichromosome instability.

MIT domain

Microtuble interacting and trafficking domain.

MKP

MAP kinase phosphatase.

MLC

Myosin light chain.

MLCK

Myosin light chain kinase.

MLE

[Dm] Maleless. Component of MSL complex. Which is RNA/DNA helicase.

MLN

Mesenteric lymph node. 腸間膜リンパ節.

Mlp

Myosin-like protein.

MLP

Muscle LIM-domain protein.

MLP assay

Multi-lineage progenitor assay.

MLR

Mixed lymphocyte reaction.

MLV

Murine leukemia virus.

MMC

Mitomycin C.

MMLV

Moloney murine leukemia virus.

MMP

Matrix metalloprotease.

MMTV

Mouse mammary tumor virus. マウス乳癌ウイルス.

MNNG

N-methyl-N&ptime;-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

MnSOD

Manganese superoxide dismutase.

MOF

[Dm] Males absent of the first. Component of MSL complex.

MODY

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. 若年発症成人型糖尿病.

m.o.i.

Multiplicity of infection.

MOPAC

Mixed oligonucleotide primed amplification of cDNA.

MOPS

3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid.

MPC

Mesodermal progenitor cell. 中胚葉系幹細胞.

MPF

Maturation promoting factor.
M-phase-promoting factor.

MPP

Mitochondrial processing peptidase.
Multipotent progenitor.

MPSS

Massively parallel signature sequencing.

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging.

mRNA

Messenger RNA.

MS

Mass spectrometry.
Multiple sclerosis. 多発性硬化症.

MSC

Mesenchymal stem cell. 間葉系幹細胞.

MSL

[Dm] male-specific lethal. [ex] MSL1, MSL2, MSL3 which are components of MSL complex.

MT1-MMP

Membrane-type MMP.

MTase

Methyltransferase.

mtDNA

Mitochondorial DNA.

MTMR

Myotubularin-realted protein.

MTOC

Microtubule organizing center.

mTOR

Mammalian target of rapamycin.

mtTF

Mitochondrial transcription factor.

MULT

Murine ULBP-like transcript.

MUM

Multiple myeloma.

Mup

[Ce] Abnormal muscle positioning.

MuRF1

Muscle RING finger 1. Which is ubiquitin ligase.

MVD

Microvessel density. 微小血管 (毛細血管) 密度.

MW

Molecular weight.

mxi

[Ec] Membrane expression of Ipas.

MyD

Myeloid differentiation marker.

Mφ

Macrophage.

N

N

Asparagine. [alt] Asn.

NAD⁺

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

NADH

Reduced NAD⁺.

NADP⁺

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

NADPH

Reduced NADP⁺.

NAG

N-acetyl-d-glucosamine.

NAK

NF-κB-activating kinase.

NALT

Nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue. 鼻咽腔関連リンパ組織.

NAM

N-acetylmuramate.

NANA

N-acetylneuraminate. [alt] Sialate.

NAP

NAK associated protein.
Nucleosome assembly protein.

NB

Nuclear body. Where is the transcription controlled.

NBS

Newborn bovine serum.

NBT

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride.

NC

Nucleocapsid.

N-CAM

Neural cell adhesion molecule.

NCD

Non-communicable disease.

NCoR

Nuclear receptor co-repressor.

nda

[Sp] Nuclear division arrest.

NDP

Nucleoside diphosphate. [ex] ATP, UTP, GTP, CTP.

NDV

Newcastle disease virus.

NE

Noradenaline.
Nuclear envelope.

NEAA

Nou-essential amino acids.

NEBD

Nuclear envelope breakdown.

NEAT

Nonexcercise activity thermogenesis.

NEFA

Nonesterified fatty acid.

Neo

Neomycin.

NER

Nucleotide elimination repair.

NES

Nuclear export signal.

NeuroD

Neurogenic differentiation.

NF

Neurofibromatosis.

NFATc

Nuclear factor of activated T lymphocyte. [ex] NFAT3 which binds to GATA4 in cardio myocytes.

NF2

Neurofibromatosis type 2. 神経繊維腫瘍症II型.

NGF

Nerve growth factor.

NGM

[Ce] Nematode growth medium.

NHEJ

Nonhomologous end joining.

NHS

N-hydroxysuccimidine.

NIK

NF-κB inducing kinase.

NK cell

Natural killer cell.

NKE

Nkx-2.5 binding element.

NKT cell

Natural killer T cell.

NMD

Non-sense mediated decay. [alt] Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

NMR

Nuclear magnetic resonance.

NMU

Neuromedin U.

NOD

Non-obese diabetic.
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain.

NOE

Nuclear Overhauser effect.

Nore

Novel Ras effector.

NOS

Nitric oxide synthase.

NP

Neuroprogenitor.

NP-40

Nonidet P-40.

NPC

Nuclear pore complex.

NP-CGG

4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-chicken-γ-globulin conjugate.

NPF

Fulminant type 1 diabetes not associated with pregnancy. 非妊娠関連発症劇症 1型糖尿病.

NP-OVA

4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-ovalbumin.

NPY

Neuropeptide Y.

NRF

Nuclear respiratory factor.

NSF

N-etylmaleimide-sensitive fusion.

NTAL

Non-T cell activation linker.

NTD

N-terminal domain.

NTP

Nucleoside triphosphate. [ex] dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP.

NTS

Nucleus tractus solitarius.

nuc

[Sp] Nuclear structure alteration.

Nup

Nucleoporin.

N-WASP

Neural Wiskott-Aldrich sydrome protein.

O

O: Cubic symmetry. 正六面体対称.
Ob: Osteoblast. 骨芽細胞.
ODN: Oligodeoxynucleotide.
OEC: Oxygen-evolving complex.
OGT: O-GlcNAc transferase.
OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test.
OLETF: Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. The model of type II diabetes. Developed from Long-Evans rat in closed colony.
OMPT: (2S)-1-oleoyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothionate. Which is LPA receptor-agonist.
ONPG: o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside.
OPA: o-phthalaldehyde.
ORC: Origin recognition complex.
ORF: Open reading frame.
Orn: Ornithine.
ORS: Outer root sheath. 外毛根鞘.
OSCAR: Osteoclast-associated receptor.
OSCP: Oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein.
OVA: Ovalbumin.
OX40L: OX40 ligand.

P

P

Proline. [alt] Pro.

PAC

P1 bacteriophage artificial chromosome.

PAEC

Pulmonary artery endothelial cell. 肺動脈内皮細胞.

PAGE

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PAI

Plasminogen activator inhibitor.

PALA

N-phosphonoacetyl-l-aspartate.

PAM

Percentage of accepted point mutations.
Presequence translocase-associated motor.

PAMP

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern.

PAOEC

PAR

Prostate apoptosis response.
Pseudoautosomal region.

PARP

Poly(ADP-ribosome) polymerase.

PAS

Periodic acid-Schiff's reagent.

PASMC

Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell. 肺動脈平滑筋細胞.

Pat

[Ce] Paralyzed and arrested elongation at two-fold stage.

PBS

Phosphate-buffered saline.

PC

Plastocyamin.

PC1

Prohormone convertase 1.

PCA

Protein fragment complementation assay.

PCAF

p300/CBP associated factor.

PCC

Pho/PRC1 core complex.

PcG

Polycomb group.

PCG

Transcriptional PPARγ coactivator.

PCNA

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction.

PD

Programmed cell death.

PDA

Piperazine diacrylamide.

pDC

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell. 形質細胞様樹状細胞.

PDCD

Programmed cell death gene.

PDECGF

Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor.

PDGF

Platelet-derived growth factor. 血小板由来成長因子.

PDI

Protein disulfide-isomerase.

PDK1

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1.

PDK4

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4.

PDMC

Placenta-derived mesenchymal cell. 胎盤由来間葉系細胞.

Pdx

Pancreatic duodenal homeodomain-containing protein.

PDZ

PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1.

PE

Phenylephrine.
Phosphatidylethanolamine.
Phycoerythrin. Which is activated by 488 nm laser.

PECAM

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule.

PEDF

Pigment epithelium-derived factor. 網膜色素上皮細胞由来因子.

PEG

Polyethylene glycol.

PEL

Primary effusion lymphoma.

PEP

Phosphoenolpyruvate.

PEPCK

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

PerCP

Peridinin chlorophyll protein. Which is activated by 488 nm laser.

P-ETFb

Positive transcription elongation factor b.

PEV

Position effect variegation.

PF

Fulminant type 1 diabetes associated with pregnancy. 妊娠関連発症劇症 1型糖尿病.

PFA

Perifornical area.

PFK

6-phosphofructo-1-kinase.

PFK-2

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase. [alt] 6PF-2-K.

PFM

Protein free medium.

pfu

Plaque forming units.

PG

Phosphoglycerate. [ex] 2PG, 3PG.
Prostaglandin.

PGA

3-phosphoglycerate.

PGAL

Phosphoglyceraldehyde.

Pgc

[Dm] Polar granule component.

PGC

PPARγ coactivator.
Primordial germ cell. 始原生殖細胞.

PGE2

Prostaglandin E2.

PGI

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase.

PGI2

Prostaglandin I2.

PGK

Phosphoglycerate kinase.

PGM

Phosphoglycerate mutase.

pH

Potential of hydrogen.

PH

Pleckstrin homology.

PHD

Proly hydroxylase.

PH domain

Pleckstrin homology domain.

Phe

Phenylalanine. [alt] F.

Pheo a

Pheophytin a.

PHHI

Persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy.

pI

Isoelectric point.

P_i

Inorganic phosphate.

PI

Phosphatidylinositol.
Propidium iodide. Which staines dead cells.

PI3K

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

PIC

Preinitiation complex.

pIgR

PolyIg receptor.

PIP

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate.

PIP₂

Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.

PIP₃

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate.

PIPES

Piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid).

PIR

Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor.

PITC

Phenylisothiocyanate.

PK

Pyruvate kinase.

PKA

Protein kinase A. Which is the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

PKB

Protein kinase B. [ex] Akt.

PKC

Protein kinase C. Which is the Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinase.

PKG

cGMP-dependent protein kinase.

PKI

Protein kinse inhibitor.

PKR

dsRNA-dependent protein kinase.

PKU

Phenylketonuria. フェニルケトン尿症.

PLAP

Placental alkaline phosphatase.

PLC

Phospholipase C.

PLGA

Poly DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid.

PlGF

Placenta growth factor. 胎盤増殖因子.

PLN

Pancreatic lymph node. 抹消リンパ節.

PLP

Pyridoxal phosphate.

PMA

Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Which activates PKCα, βI, βII, γ, δ, ε, η, and θ.

pmf

Proton-motive force.

PMF

Peptide mass fingerprinting.

pMHC

Peptide MHC.

PML

Promyelocytic leukemia.

PMN

Plymorphonuclear leukocytes. 多形核白血球.

PMSF

Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.

PMT

Photomultiplier tube.

PNA

Peanut agglutinin.

PNAα

Peripheral node addressin.

PNK

Polynucleotide kinase.

POD

PML oncogenic domain.

POMC

Pro-opiomelanocortin.

PP

Pancreatic polypeptide.
Peyer's patch. パイエル板.
Protein phosphatase.

PPARγ

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. ペルオキシソーム増殖剤活性化受容体.

PP_i

Pyrophosphate.

PPI

Peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase.

PPR

PTH/PTHrP receptor.

PPRE

PPAR response element. Which is in the promoter of target genes of PPARγ/RXR heterodimer, and recruits a histone acetylase activating transcription.

PPO

2,5-diphenyloxazole.

PRC

PGC-1 related coactivator.
Polycomb repressive complex.

PRE

Polycomb response element.

pre-RC

Pre-replicative complex.

PRESAT-vector

Potential restriction enzyme selectable asymmetric T-vector.

pri-miRNA

Primary miRNA.

PRMT

Protein arginine metyltransferase.

prp

[Sp] Pre-mRNA processing.

Pro

Proline. [alt] P.

PRR

Pattern recognition receptor.
Proline-rich region.
Proline-rich repeat.

PS

Photosystem. [ex] PSI, PSII.

PSG

Penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine.

PSGL

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand.

PSP

Postsynaptic potential.

PTA

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent. Which is blood coagulation factor XI.

PST

Post switch transcript.

PSTV

Potato spindle tuber viroid.

PTB

Phosphotyrosine binding.

PtdIns(3,4,5)P3

Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-tri-phosphate phosphatidylinositol.

PtdIns(4,5)P2

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bis-phosphate phosphatidylinositol.

P-TEFb

Positve transcription elongation factor b.

PTG

Protein targeting to glycogen.

PTGS

Posttranscriptional gene silencing.

PTH

Parathyroid hormone. 副甲状腺ホルモン.
Phenylthiohydantoin.

PTK

Protein-tyrosine kinase.

PTP

Phosphotyrosine phosphatase.

PTPase

Protein tyrosine phosphatase.

PTS

Peroxisomal tageting sequence.
Phosphotransferase system.

pTα

Pre-T cell receptor α

PVDF

Polyvinylidene difluoride.

Pvl

[Ce] Protruding vulva.

PVN

Paraventricular nucleus.

PY

Protein Y.

PYD

Pyrin domain.

PYY

Peptide YY.

Q

Q

Glutamine. [alt] Gln.
Quadrupole.
Quaternary ammonium. Strong-negative ion-exchanger. -CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃.
Quinone.

QAE

Quaternary animoethyl. Strong-negative ion-exchanger. -OCH₂CH₂N⁺H(CH₂CH₃)₂CH₂CH(OH)CH₃.

QTL

Quantitative trait locus.

R

R

Arginine. [alt] Arg.

R5P

Ribose 5-phosphate.

RA

Retinoic acid.
Rheumatoid arthritis. 関節リウマチ.

RACE

Rapid amplification of cDNA ends. [ex] 3'-RACE, 5'-RACE.

RAE

Retinoic acid early inducible.

RAEC

Renal artery endothelial cell. 腎動脈内皮細胞.

RAG

Recombination activating gene.

RAGE

Receptor for AGE.

RaiA

Ribosome-associated inhibitor A.

RALDH

Retinal dehydrogenase.

RANKL

Receptor activator NF-κB ligand.

RANTES

Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted.

Rap1GAP

Rap1 GTPase activating protein.

RAPL

Regulator of adhesion and cell polarization enriched in lymphoid tissue.

RAR

Retinoic acid receptor.

RAS

Renin-angiotensin system.

Ras GAP

Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein.

RASMC

Renal artery smooth muslce cell. 腎動脈平滑筋細胞.

Rassf

Ras association family.

Rb

Retinoblastoma.

RBC

Red blood cell. 赤血球.

RBCC motif

RING finger, B-box, coiled-coil motif.

RBD

Raf1-binding domain.

RBP

Retinol-binding protein.

RCAF

Replicant-coupling assembly factor.

RdDM

RNA-dependent DNA metylation.

REK

Rat epidermal keratinocyte. ラット角化表皮細胞.

RELM

Resistin-like molecule.

REM

Rapid eye movement.

REMI

Restriction enzyme-mediated insertion.

RER

Rough endoplasmic reticulrum.

RF

Rheumatoid factor.

RF DNA

Replicative form DNA.

RFLP

Restriction fragment length polymorphism.

RFP

Red fluorescent protein.

RH

Rat hepatocyte. ラット肝細胞.

RIA

Radioimmunoassay.

ribi

Ribosome biogenesis.

RICK

Rip-like interacting CLARP kinase.

RIG

Retinoic acid inducible gene.

RIP

Rat insulin promotor.

RISC

RNA-induced silencing complex.

RITS

RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.

RLC

Ragulatory light chain.

RMCE

Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange.

RMF

Ribosome modulation factor.

RMRP

RNA component of mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease.

RN

Reticular network.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid.

RNase

Ribonuclease. [ex] RNase A, RNase B.

RNAi

RNA interference.

RNAP

RNA polymerase.

RNC

Ribosome nascent chain complex.

RNP

Ribonucleoprotein.

RNR

Ribonucleotide reductase.

ROCK

Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase.

Rol

[Ce] Roller.

ROS

Reactive oxygen species. 活性酸素種.

RPC

Reverse-phase chromatography.

RRE

Rev-responsible element.

RRL

Rabbit reticulocyte lysate.

RRM

RNA recognition motif.

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA.

RSV

Respiratory syncytial virus.
Rous sarcoma virus.

RT

Reverse transcriptase.

RTK

Receptor tyrosine kinase.

RT-PCR

Reverse transcription-PCR.

Ru5P

Ribulose 5-phosphate.

RuBP

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.

Runx

Runt-related transcriptional factor.

RXR

Retinoid X receptor.

RyR

Ryanodine receptor.

S

S

Methyl sulphonate. Strong-positive ion-exchanger. -CH₂SO₃^-.
Serine. [alt] Ser.
Svedberg unit.
Synthesis phase.

S1P

Sphingosine1-phosphate.

S6K

S6 kinase.

S7P

Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.

SAC

Spindle assembly checkpoint.

SACAIR

5-aminoimidazole-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)ribotide.

SAM

S-adenosylmethionine.
Sorting and assembly machinery.

SAP

SLAM-associated protein. Which has SH2 domain. [alt] SH2D1A

SASP

Small acid-soluble spore protein. 酸可溶性胞子小タンパク質.

SBE

Smad binding element.

SBP

Sedoheptulose 1,7-phosphate.

SBPase

Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase.

SC

Secretory component.
Stem-contact.
Synaptonemal complex.

ScAEC

Subclavian artery endothelial cell. 鎖骨下動脈内皮細胞.

scaRNA

Small Cajal body-specific RNA.

SCF

Stem cell factor.

SCID

Severe combined immunodeficient. 重症複合免疫不全症.

SCM

Serum containing medium.

scnRNA

Scan RNA.

SCP

Stresscopin.

SCS

Subcapsular sinus. 被膜下洞.

SDF

Stromal cell derived factor.

SDH

Sorbitol dehydrogenase.

SDIA

Stromal cell-derived inducing activity.

SDS

Sodium dodecyl sulfate. [alt] Sodium lauryl sulfate.

SD sequence

[Ec] Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Which is ribosome-binding site in E. coli.

SDS-PAGE

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamaide gel electrophoresis.

SE

Shared epitope.

SEAP

Secreted alkaline phosphatase.

SEB

Staphylococcus enterotoxin B.

SeCys

Selenocysteine.

SELDI

Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionaization.

SEM

Scanning electron microscope.

Ser

Serine. [alt] S.
[Ce] Serotonin receptor.

SER

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

SERT

Serotonin reuptake transporter.

sev

[Dm] sevenless.

SeV

Sendai virus. [alt] SV.

SFK

Src-family protein tyrosine kinase.

SFM

Serum free medium.

SGPA

Streptomyces griseus protease A.

SH domain

Src homology domain. [ex] SH2, SH3.

sHEL

Soluble hen egg lysozyme.

Shh

Sonic hedgehog.

SHIP

SH domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase.

SHM

Somatic hypermutation.

SHP

Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase.

shRNA

Short hairpin RNA.

SH site

Super-hypersensitive site.

Siah

Seven in absentia homologue.

S-IgA

Secretory IgA.

SIN

Self-inactivating factor.
Septation initiation network.

SINE

Short interspersed nuclear element.

SIP

Siah-interacted protein.

Sir

Silenet information regulator.

siRNA

Small interference RNA.

SkMC

Skeletal muscle cell. 骨格筋細胞.

SL

Stem-loop.

SLAM

Signaling lymphocyto activation molecule.

SLC

Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine.
Somatostatin-like receptor.

SLE

Systemic lupus erythematosus.

SLO

Streptolysin-O.

SMBG

Self monitoring of blood glucose. 血糖自己測定.

SMC

Structural maintenance of chromosomes.

SMR

Standard metabolic rate.

SMRT

Silencing mediator for retionid and thyroid hormone receptor.

sn

Stereospecific numbering.

SNAP

Soluble NSF attachment protein.

SNO cell

Spindle-shaped N-cadherin⁺ osteoblastic cell.

snoRNA

Small nucleolar RNA.

SNP

Single nucleotide polymorphism.

snRNA

Small nuclear RNA.

snRNP

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.

SNX3

Sorting nexin 3. Marker of endosome.

SOCS

Suppressor of cytokine signaling.

SOD

Superoxide dismutase.

SoHo

Sorbin Homology.

sos

[Dm] son-of-sevenless.

SP

Single positive.
Sulphopropyl. -CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃^-.

spa

[Ec] Surface presentation of antigens.

SPB

Spindle pole body. [alt] Centrosome.

SP cell

Side-population cell.

SPF

Specific phasogen-free.

SPOTS

Signaling protein oligomerization transduction structures.

SPR

Surface plasmon resonance.

Spred

Sprouty-related EVH1 domain protein.

Sqt

[Ce] Squat.

SR

Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

SRA

Steroid receptor RNA activator.

SR-A

Scavenger receptor type A.

SR-BI

Scavenger receptor class B type I.

SREBP

Steroid regulatory element-binding protein.

SRF

Serum response factor.

SRG1

[Sc] SER3 regulatory gene 1.

SRP

Signal recognition particle.
Stresscopin-related peptide.

SSB protein

Single-strand DNA-binding protein.

SSC

Side scatter. 側方散乱光.

SSCP

Single strand conformation polymorphism.

SSEA

Stage specific emryonic antigen.

SSLP

Simple-sequence length polymorphism.

SSPE

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 亜急性硬化性全脳炎.

SSRI

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. [ex] Fluoxetine.

ssRNA

Single-stranded RNA.

SST-REX

Signal sequence trap-retrovirus-mediated expression cloning.

STAT

Signal transduction and transcription. Signal transducer and activator of transcription.

STE

Sodium chloride, Tris, EDTA.

STET

Sodium chloride, Tris, EDTA, Triton.

STH

Somatotropin.

ST-HSC

Short-term HSC.

stRNA

Small temporal RNA.

STZ

Streptozotocin.

SUMO

Small ubiquitin-like modifier.

SV

Sendai viurs. [alt] SeV.

SVZ

Subventricular zone. 脳室下層.

T

T

Threonine. [alt] Thr.
Thymine.

T

Tetrahedral symmetry. 正四面体対称.

T1D

Type 1 diabetes.

T₃

Triiodothyronine.

T₄

Thyroxine.

TAD

Transactivatin domain.

TAE

Tris-acetate/EDTA.

TAK

TGF-β-activated kinase.

Tal

T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.

T-ALL

Human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ヒト白血病.

TAM

Tumor associated macrophage.

Tapr

T-cell and airway phenotype regulator.

Taq

Thermus aquaticus. 好熱菌.

TARC

Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine.

TBE

Tris-borate/EDTA.

T-bet

T-box expressed in T cells.

TBHA₂

BHA treated with trypsin and thermolysin.

TBK

TANK-binding kinase.

TBP

TATA box-binding protein.

TBK

TANK-binding kinase.

TBS

Tris-buffered saline.

TBSV

Tomato bushy stunt virus.

TCA

Trichloroacetic acid.

TCA cycle

Tricarboxylic acid cycle. [alt] Citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle.

TCID

Tissue culture infections dose.

TCR

T-cell receptor.

TDA

T cell dependent area.

TDF

Testis-determining factor. 性巣決定因子.

TDP

Thymidine diphosphate.

TdT

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Which detects the apoptosis cell by transfer the internucleosomal DNA fragments.

TE

Tris-EDTA.

TEACl

Tetraethylammonium chloride.

TECK

Thymus expressed chemokine.

TEF

Transcription enhancer factor.

TeM

Tenomodulin.

TEM

Transmission electron microscope.

TEMED

N,N,N',N'-tetramethylendiamine.

TEpC

Tracheal epithelial cell. 気管上皮細胞.

TERC

Telomerase RNA component.

Tert

Telomerase reverse transcriptase.

TERT

Telomerase reverse transcriptase.

TEVP

Tobacco etch virus protease.

TF

Tissue factor.

TFAM

Mitochondrial transcription factor A.

Tg

Transgenic.

TG

Transgenic.
Triglyceride. [alt] Triacylglycerol.

TGF

Transforming growth factor.

Tgm

Transgenic mouse.

TGS

Transcriptional gene silencing.

TH

Tyrosine hydroxylase.

T_H

Helper T cell. [alt] Th cell.

Th cell

Helper T cell. [alt] T_H.

THF

Termination host factor.
Tetrahydrofolate.

Thr

Threonine. [alt] T.

TICAM

TIR domain-containing adapter molecule.[ex] TICAM-1 as TRIF, TICAM-2 as TRAM.

Tie

Tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domain.

TIM

T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain.
Triosephosphate isomerase.

TIMP

Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease.

Tir

Translocated intimin receptor.

TIR

Toll/IL-1 receptor.

TLC

Thin layer chromatography.

TLCK

Tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone.

TLR

Toll-like receptor.

TLV

T-cell leukemia virus. T 細胞白血病ウイルス.

Tm

Tropomyosin.

T_m

Melting temperature.

TM

Thrombomodulin.
Tris, magnesium.

TMACl

Tetramethylammonium chloride.

TMEVD

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus induced demyelinating disease.

TMP

Thymidine monophosphate. [alt] Thymidylate.

TMPD

Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine.

TMV

Tobacco mosaic virus.

Tn

Troponin. The complex composed of troponin C, I, and T subunits.

TNBS

Trinitrobenzensulfonic acid.

TnC

Troponin C. Ca²⁺-binding subunit of troponin complex.

TNF

Tumor necrosis factor.

TnI

Troponin I. Inhibitory subunit of troponin complex.

TNS

2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene sulfate.

TnT

Troponin T. Tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin complex.

TNT

Tris, NaCl, Tween 20.

TOF

Time-of-flight.

TOM

Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane.

t-PA

Tissue-type plasminogen activator.

TPA

Tetradecanoylphorbol acetate.

TPCK

Tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone.

TPE

Tris-phosphate/EDTA.

Tph

[Ce] Tryptophan hydroxylase. Serotonin biosynthetic enzyme.

TPO

Thrombopoietin.

TPP

Thiamine diphosphate. [alt] Thiamine pyrophospate.

TPR

Tetra-tricopeptide repeat.
Tranlocated promoter region.

TR

Texas red. Which is activated by 598 or 633 nm laser.

TRAF

TNF receptor associated factor.

TRAM

TRIF-related adaptor molecule. [alt] TICAM-2.

TRF

Thyrotropin-releasing factor. 甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出因子.

TRH

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

TRIF

TIR domain-containing adapter IFN-β. [alt] TICAM-1.

Tris

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.

tRNA

Transfer RNA.

trp

[Dm] Transient receptor potential.

Trp

Tryptophan. [alt] W.

TrxG

Trithorax group.

ts

Temperature sensitive.

T_s

Supressor T cell.

TSA

Tissue specific antigen.
Trichostatin A.

TS cell

Trophoblast stem cell.

TSH

Thyrotropin. 甲状腺刺激ホルモン.

TSLP

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin.

TSP

Tris, spermidine, putrescine.

TTP

Thymidine triphosphate.

TUNEL

TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling.

Tyr

Tyrosine. [alt] Y.

TZD

Thiazolidinedione. チアゾリジン誘導体.

U

U: Uracil.
UAEC: Umbilical artery endothelial cell. 臍帯動脈内皮細胞.
UASMC: Umbilical artery smooth muscle cell. 臍帯動脈平滑筋細胞.
Ub: Ubiquitin.
Ubx: [Dm] Ultrabithorax.
Ucn: Urocortin.
UCP: Uncoupling protein.
UDP: Uridine diphosphate.
UDPG: Uridine diphospnate glucose.
UEA: Ulex Europeaus Aggulutinin.
UEP: Unit evolutionary period. 単位進化時間.
UKPDS: The United Kingdom prospective diabetes study.
ULBP: UL-16 binding protein.
UMP: Uridine monophosphate. [alt] Uridylate.
UMS: Upstream mouse sequence.
Unc: [Ce] Uncoordinated moving.
uPA: Urokinase plasminogen activator.
U-PA: Urokinasetype plasminogen activator.
UROD: Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.
UTP: Uridine triphosphate.
UTR: Untranslated region.
UVEC: Umibilical vein endothelial cell. 臍帯静脈内皮細胞.

V

v

Velocity.

V

Valine. [alt] Val.

Val

Valine. [alt] V.

VAS

Visual analog scale.

VASP

Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein.

VCAM

Vascular cell adhesion molecule.

VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor. 血管内皮成長因子.

VEGFR

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.

VEGI

Vascular endothelial grwoth inhibitor.

V_H

Variable region of Ig heavy chain.

VICR

Voltage-induced Ca²⁺-release.

Vir

[Ec] Virulence.

V_L

Variable region of Ig light chain.

VLA

Very late activation.
Very late antigen.

VLCAD

Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

VLDL

Very low density lipoprotein.

V_max

Maximal velocity.

VMH

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. 視床下部腹内側核.

VRC

Vanadyl ribonucleoside complex. Which is RNase inhibitor.

VSMS

Vascular smooth muscle cell.

VSV

Vesicular-stomatitis virus. 水泡性口内炎ウイルス.

VSV-G

VSV G glycoprotein.

W

W: Triptophan. [alt] Trp.
WASP: Wiskott-Aldrich sydrome protein.
WAT: White adipose tissue.
WBC: White blood cell. 白血球.
WISH: Whole-mount in situ hybridization.
WPRE: Woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element. Which stabilizes RNA.
WT: Wild type.

X

X-Gal: 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-d-galactoside.
XGPRT: Xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase.
Xic: X-inactivation center.
XLAAD: X-linked autoimmune-allergic dysregulation syndrome.
XP: Xeroderma pigmentosum. 色素性乾皮症.
Xu5P: Xylulose 5-phosphate.
Xyl-A: 9-β-d-xylofuranosyl adenine.
XylNAc: N-acetylxylosamine.

Y

Y: Tyrosine. [alt] Tyr.
YAC: Yeast artificial chromosome.
YADH: Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase.
YFP: Yellow fluorescent protein.

Greek

α-MSH: α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
βCD: Methyl-β-cyclodextrin.
β-END: β-endorphin.
β-Gal: β-galactosidase.
ΔG: Free-energy change.

#

11β-HSD-1: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.
1,5-AG: 1,5-anhydroglucitol.
1GRP: Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein.
2AP: 2-aminopurine.
2-ME: 2-mercaptoethanol. HS-CH₂-CH₂-OH. [alt] BME.
3-MA: 3-methyladenine.
4α-PMA: 4α-phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate. Which is the negative controller against PMA.
5-azaC: 5-azacytosine.
5BU: 5-bromouracil.
5dTHF: 5-deaza THF.
5-FU: 5-fluorourasil.
5HT: Serotonin.
7-AAD: 7-amino-actinomycin D. Which stains dead cells.
8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.